Reči

Impressum

Časopis Reči — 2023-12-28

KOSTIĆ’S CRITICISMOF JOVAN JOVANOVIĆ ZMAJ’S TRI HAJDUKA IN THE CONTEXT OF SPOMEN NA RUVARCA

Miloš D. Mihailović — 2023-12-28

In this paper, we have analyzed the similarities between the poems Tri hajduka /
The Three Giaours by Jovan Jovanović Zmaj and Spomen na Ruvarca / In Memory of
Ruvarac by Laza Kostić, which share a certain number of common motifs. At the center of
our interpretation were the statements of Laza Kostić from the part Knjiga o Zmaju in which
he analyzes Tri hajduka. Kostić breaks down Zmaj’s poem into structural elements and
examines each from the point of view of logic and common sense, but also established literary
tradition. Speaking about Zmaj’s treatment of the representatives of the world of the dead,
Kostić makes the following poetics claims: 1) the mediator should speak clearly and
succinctly; 2) the mediator should have the form he had during his lifetime; 3) the atmosphere
must not be humorous but scary. These demands, together with Kostić’s remark about how
Feruz pasha resembles a doll, have allowed us to offer innovative readings of these two
poems, where the automated Feruz pasha is positioned as the opposite of the diabolical figure
in Kostić’s poem. This contrast represents a shift in the anthropological development
continuum which led to the birth of a modern understanding of death, which leads us to the
conclusion that Kostić’s objections primarily stem from a significantly different philosophy
of death, and not from the objective shortcomings of Zmaj’s poetry.

HERITAGE LANGUAGE AS A MEDIUM OF CULTURE

Kristina M. Petrović — 2023-12-28

In this paper, we tried to clarify some of the issues concerning ‘heritage language’
and to present the numerous challenges that educators face in their teaching
practices. Heritage students do not differ from foreign language students only in their
language competences, but also in the motivation and desire to master a heritage
language. Many scholars highlight the psychological aspect – “hybrid nationality” and
“intercultural burden” (Kagan 2012:72), that can only be overcome with a positive approach
to cultural heritage. Establishing a connection with the culture of one’s ancestors is one of
the basic motivations for learning a heritage language. Therefore, heritage language is the
true medium of culture, much more than learning other languages which are treated as
foreign. The communication aspect is important but it is not the only reason why students
strive to master it.
Apart from a lack of suitable textbooks for teaching Serbian as the heritage language,
educators are faced with numerous difficulties starting with the initial testing and placing of
students in appropriate groups. In the paper, we tried to explain how we face these challenges
with our methodology and materials at the Online School of Serbian Language, Tradition and
Culture – “Sava”. Our teaching method, which includes a personalised approach, group work,
direct contact with pupils and abundance of materials, methodologies and platforms, resulted
in many satisfied students who, within a few years of being in a language school start
speaking the language, manage to use it comfortably, and most importantly – develop and
nurture a positive attitude towards one’s own heritage and culture.

POETRY IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL (RE)PRODUCTION: DIGITAL AURA IN NEW MEDIA POETRY

Aleksandra M. Panić — 2023-12-28

The paper “Poetry in the Age of Digital (Re)production: Digital Aura in New
Media Poetry” explores the evolution of new media poetry from the 1990s to the present day,
engaging with Walter Benjamin’s concept of the aura of authentic art to analyze three forms
of new media poetry and define the digital aura in this context. The following analysis is
grounded in new media theories, particularly those of Lev Manovich and N. Katherine
Hayles. The paper discusses how digital technologies have transformed the creation,
distribution, and consumption of poetry and challenged notions of authenticity and
originality. It emphasizes the interaction between poets and software, the blurring of
boundaries between different forms of new media art, and the concept of materiality in the
digital realm. The paper highlights the significance of the material aspects of digital art,
drawing attention to the interplay between the physical and virtual dimensions and the
sensory experiences they provide. The paper traces the development of new media poetry in
different web eras –Web 1.0 helped launch e-poetry, Web 2.0 enabled poetry on social media
platforms, and Web 3.0 engraved NFT poetry on blockchain technology.
The analysis of three distinct forms of new media poetry – kinetic poetry, Instapoetry, and
NFT poetry – demonstrates how each form engages with the digital aura and challenges
traditional notions of authenticity and artistic presence. The paper concludes that the digital
aura is not an inherent characteristic of artwork, but a continuous process realized through
the interactions of artists and the audience with code, software, and interface.

TRANSLATING POSTCOLONIAL EUROPHONE AFRICAN LITERATURE: THE GERMAN TRANSLATION OF CHIMAMANDA ADICHIE’S PURPLE HIBISCUS

UGAGU-DOMINIC R. NNEKA — 2023-12-28

Literary hybridity necessitated by cultural differences is a distinct feature
of Postcolonial Europhone African Literatures. This is evident in Chimamanda
Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus (2000). This paper examines the hybridity in the source
text (ST) and their translation from English into German. Instances of hybridity in the
source text and their translation were identified. This highlights the translation
strategies in the process of analyzing the translation choices and their implications,
especially in transferring culture-specific elements in the source text into the target
text (TT). Some challenges of intercultural translation are discussed in relation to the
reflection of the author’s style in literary translation. The paper reveals the
consciousness of the translator to preserve the culture-specific elements that portray
the author’s culture and purpose through the adoption of ethnocentric strategies.
Nida’s equivalence theory was adopted to examine the translation of cultural phrases
to determine how they were transferred to German language, and also discuss the
implications of some choices made by the translator in propelling intercultural
dialogue through translation. The study concludes that the translator’s effort to strike
a balance between the source and the target text was challenged as a result of inability
to provide explanation for some unexplained culture-specific terms of vernacular
origin in the source text.

WRITING ABSTRACTS IN ENGLISH – GUIDELINES FOR SERBIAN AUTHORS

Maja R. Ivančevuć Otanjac — 2023-12-28

Abstracts generally summarize key points of research studies, and as such,
their main purpose is to attract the attention of potential readers. Thus, they should be
well-written, concise, clear, and informative. This paper aims to provide basic
guidelines for writing a good abstract in English, focusing mainly on linguistic
aspects. Also, the paper addresses some common abstract-writing mistakes resulting
from Serbian-English language differences that are usually overlooked or
unrecognized by Serbian authors and available proofreading tools. The examples
come from a corpus of 71 abstracts written in English by Serbian authors for the 11th
International Scientific Conference Special Education and Rehabilitation Today in
2021. They illustrate some frequent errors, ways to correct them, and suggestions on
how to achieve greater clarity and coherence in English sentences. Both versions
(before and after the proofreading process) were analyzed. It was observed that
sentences and structures in English abstracts were significantly affected by the rules,
sentence patterns, and flexibility of the Serbian language.

LINGUISTIC FORMS OF HOME VIEWING BETWEEN SCHEDULE AND OTT

NICOLÒ M. VILLANI — 2023-12-28

This paper proposes to observe the linguistic forms by which it is possible
to translate and interpret the fruition of audiovisual content in the domestic context,
between linear broadcast schedule and on-demand streaming portals. In line with
Louis Hjelmslev’s linguistic theory, the two devices are observed through their
syntagmatic and paradigmatic nature, emphasizing how they differently relate the
content they convey by generating different forms of audiovisual discursiveness.
Through this differentiation it will then be possible to account for the different
valorization at play first in the schedule device – which prioritizes the
linguistic/positional value – and then in the streaming portal – in which the
phenomenological value proposed by A.J. Greimas comes into play. This comparative
reading, in addition to returning to a formalization of the modes of viewing across
devices, allows us to introduce a reading of the regimes of interaction that come into
play at the time of the fruition of differentially conveyed and valorized content.

MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION: DIALOGUE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

Aleksandar D. Ćuković — 2023-12-28

This paper briefly outlines the problem of the crisis of true dialogue and communication in the era of globalization, which is conditioned by lightning-fast technicaltechnological progress, and thus the dromological experience of reality. In the shortest terms,
it indicates the neuralgic points and causes of the crisis itself and indicates its possible development in the near future. The interpretation of the term of communication by Karl Jaspers was taken as the theoretical basis of the work.

GENDER-SENSITIVE LANGUAGE IN TEXTBOOKS: EXAMPLES OF GOOD PRACTICE

Marjana M. Stevanović — 2023-12-28

Since the first national strategy (2009) aimed at eliminating discrimination
against women in all areas in the domain of public institutions, including education,
publishing houses which publish school textbooks have started to implement gendersensitive
language into their materials. Today, more than ten years later, gender-sensitive
language practice has already been introduced into many textbooks for elementary and
secondary schools. However, it still has not been approved by the Board for Standardization
of the Serbian Language. This paper presents examples of the use of gender-sensitive
language collected from 13 elementary school textbooks published in the period 2019-2022
and appproved by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development.
Based on those examples, which largely implemented the first proposals for the use of
gender-sensitive language formulated by Svenka Savić (Savić et al, 2010), it is possible to
create new recommendations for a more consistent use of language that would correspond to
the requirements of legal regulations in the field of gender equality as well as to the language
norm.

HYPERTEXTUAL INNOVATION IN EVGENIOS TRIVIZAS’ THE 88 DOLMADAKIA

Artemis G. Papailia — 2023-12-28

Hypertextuality involves creating texts that are interconnected through
digital hyperlinks, providing a network of related pieces of content that can be
explored in a non-linear way. Evgenios Trivizas' The 88 Dolmadakia (1997) serves as
a pivotal case study in this exploration, encapsulating the transformative potential of
hypertextuality within children's literature. This modern Greek literary work
distinguishes itself through a nuanced blend of text and illustration, offering a nonlinear
narrative structure that hinges on reader participation and metafictional
techniques. Central to The 88 Dolmadakia is its dynamic narrative pathway, which
relies on reader choices to dictate the course of events. Each reading yields a
distinctive narrative outcome, underscoring the mutable nature of the narrative.
Trivizas’ employment of hypertextual strategies in this work not only amplifies the
immersive quotient of the reading experience but also posits a profound commentary
on the fluid boundaries of narrative construction. In synthesizing these elements, The
88 Dolmadakia emerges as an exemplar of the transformative potential of
hypertextuality in children's literature, suggesting an avenue for further scholarly
exploration into the adaptive and participatory dimensions of contemporary
storytelling.

OUR SHAKESPEARIAD: ROMEO AND JULIET IN THE CONTEXT OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING

Milica Z. Živković — 2023-12-28

The project Our Shakespeariad, carried out in the Fourteenth Belgrade Grammar School in April 2023, required a high degree of engagement of students, who proved to be ready to take on the role of researchers, but also to put themselves in various other roles that the different phases of the project required. All the tasks that involved group work could not have been successfully completed without the joint participation and collaborative approach of all students. The successful completion of research tasks resulted in the following general outcomes: 1) Students demonstrated and improved their knowledge of Shakespeare's life and
work; 2) Students demonstrated a well-argued and in-depth understanding of key themes and
motifs in Shakespeare's works; 3) Through changing the genre of Romeo and Juliet,
researching its themes in the context of the 21st century, writing letters and making podcasts,
students examined Shakespeare’s impact on contemporary culture and his importance in the
modern world; 4) Students developed analytical skills through creative tasks; 5) Students
deepened their understanding of stage art and theater production through discussion theater
and puppet theatre. All project activities resulted in visible products, such as musical
compositions, performances, etc., which testify to the overall success of the project. Based
on all of the above, Our Shakespeariad can serve as an example, model or inspiration for
future similar projects, which can be implemented in Serbian language and literature as well
as foreign languages courses, with appropriate adjustments to the students’ age and level of
knowledge.

SENTENCE STEMS WITH CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT MOVIE QUOTES IN THE LANGUAGE USER’S LEXICON

Konrad SZCZEŚNIAK — 2024-04-11

This contribution focuses on ways in which popular culture affects our
everyday language use. The main purpose of the present analysis is to suggest that
film and mass media have created special conditions for language learning and use
that were quite inconceivable before. One change brought about by current technology
is rather banal: it has made it possible to reach unprecedentedly vast numbers of
people. Apart from this obvious fact, modern popular culture has created special
contexts through which language users come across some common expressions. This
has implications for how such expressions are then stored in people’s lexical
memories. Under current linguistic theorizing, people’s memories are assumed to be
roughly equivalent in the sense that one person’s definition of a word can be expected
to overlap with other people’s definitions. However, the overlap is not perfect, given
that one person’s knowledge is derived from his or her private experiences and these
are different for different people. On the other hand, expressions associated with
popular movies are presented in ways that are identical to all audiences.

DISCOVERING DIVERSITY AND ACHIEVING FREEDOMIN THE FILM VERSION OF THE NOVEL A ROOM WITH A VIEW BY E.M. FORSTER

Branka Kovačević — 2024-04-11

James Ivory’s film adaptation of E.M. Forster’s novel A Room with a View serves
as a potent critique of the prevailing norms in 1980s British society. It delves into themes of
individualism and cultural diversity, while also shedding light on the intricate relationship
between nations and the media’s role in shaping identity and civilization perceptions.
Forster’s works and philosophical reflections are shown to embody a profound resistance to
the homogeneity, extreme chauvinism, and hegemonic imperialism that characterized British
foreign policy during that period. Furthermore, this research demonstrates how Forster
positioned himself as a literary activist advocating resistance against the negative aspects of
globalization, using his literary creations to challenge the dominance of British culture and
values. Thus, Italy is portrayed in his novels as a symbolic battleground where English
identity is forged in opposition to the Italian “Other”.
Through Ivory’s adept filmmaking, this paper highlights how English tourists in Italy
exercised influence over the Italian cities while harboring biases and a sense of superiority.
However, Italy also offered transformative experiences and fresh perspectives, particularly
to the central character, Lucy. Her journey in Italy represents personal transformation and
self-discovery, freeing her from English moral constraints and prejudices. Italy becomes a
crucible for her awakening, exposing her to the beauty of the landscape, her burgeoning
sensuality, and a stark reality that fosters openness and receptivity to her surroundings. This
experience compels Lucy to reevaluate her societal roles and responsibilities, fostering a
thirst for knowledge and empathy and ultimately leading to her newfound receptivity to
diverse perspectives and cultures

KNOWLEDGE MANIPULATION THROUGH TRANSLATION BETWEEN ARABIC AND ENGLISH

Said Faiq — 2024-04-11

Translation involves the process of transferring texts to target audiences
who possess an established system of representation (master discourse) that has its
own set of norms for producing and consuming knowledge concerning the self, others,
objects, and events. Influenced by its own culture, this master discourse governs
matters related to identity, similarities, and differences between the source and target
texts and associated cultures. While it is theoretically assumed that intercultural
encounters through translation should celebrate diversity and differences, practices
indicate otherwise: mon-isms have dominated over intended multi-isms. Focusing
primarily on the translation of texts from Arabic into English, this article explores
how the master discourse regulates translation, shaping the way knowledge is
manipulated, and influencing the translation process, its product, and ultimately its
reception.

MODERN-DAY PERIODICALS: FAN-FICTION AND THE PLATFORMS WHERE THEY ARE HOSTED

Alexandra Ivan — 2024-04-11

Fan-fiction has a decades-long history of existence, with its debut
preceding the invention of the internet. However, nowadays, fan-fiction in the form
of writing has moved almost exclusively to designated platforms for hosting fanfiction
as well as social media, where the terms and conditions permit it. The present
paper aims to analyse the social media sites where fan-fiction creations were or are
currently hosted within their selected communities and the ways in which the
platforms are influencing the form of the text themselves. Wattpad, and AO3, as fanfiction
hosting platforms, as well LiveJournal, Tumblr, and Twitter have been used as
places to disseminate fan-fictional content, be it images or in textual form. The
analysis will include the requirements of the content creators with regards to the
platform prerequisites for publishing new content, as well as the limitations of the
platforms and the effect they have on the fan-fiction itself, from shortened tags for
ship names all the way to its structure. The paper aims to be a brief cataloguing of
aspects of each platform in itself as well as the “unspoken rules” devised by individual
fandoms for the purpose of making the content more accessible to readers and also to
abide by the requirement for content warnings and tags with respect to the matters
contained within the creation.

MOTIV NATPRIRODNOG U ŠEKSPIROVOM MAGBETU: RECEPCIJA DRAME KOD UČENIKA SREDNJIH ŠKOLA U SRBIJI

Olga Milanović Mrlješ — 2024-04-11

Drama Magbet Viljema Šekspira je izvršila višestruki uticaj na razvoj
književnosti. Analizom motiva natprirodnog u pomenutom delu može se dobiti uvid
u jedan od načina na koji je Šekspir ovim delom obeležio istoriju svetske književnosti.
Predstojeći rad usmeren je na analizu Šekspirovog stvaralaštva sa ciljem osvetljavanja
natprirodnih elemenata drame Magbet. Od svih Šekspirovih tragedija, Magbet je
daleko najbogatije delo u pogledu prisustva natprirodnih motiva. U ovom delu je
natprirodno sastavni deo strukture radnje, budući da pruža katalizator za akciju, bliži
prikaz junaka i pojačava uticaj mnogih ključnih scena. Predmetno istraživanje
usmereno je na analizu tragedije Magbet na času. Ideja je da se razume na koji način
se Šekspirova tragedija Magbet analizira u učionicama u srednjim školama u Srbiji.
Da bi istaknuti cilj bio realizovan, sprovedeno je istraživanje u neposrednoj saradnji
sa profesorima književnosti u srednjim školama u Srbiji. Istraživanjem je zaključeno
da profesori najčešće biraju da ovu dramu povežu sa drugim, već poznatim delom i
konceptima te da tako podstiču dalje usavršavanje učenika, što omogućava bolje
razumevanje samog Magbeta i otvara vrata učenicima ka novim analizama.

THE FIGURE OF AWOMAN IN THEWORKS OF MARIO VARGAS LLOSA

Marija Radmilović — 2024-04-11

This paper provides an overview of the portrayal of women in the works of the
Peruvian writer and Nobel Prize laureate Mario Vargas Llosa and the connection of his
female portraits with feminist themes by Kate Millet. The work of Mario Vargas Llosa
belongs to contemporary literature and as a writer he addresses many issues of the survival
of modern man in today's world. In his literature, Llosa deals a lot with criticism of today's
society, politics, as well as questions about what is morality in today's world. Are prostitutes
women who do business selling their bodies or the representatives of the government who
sell themselves, so that the consequences are much bigger and more immoral? He also deals
with interpersonal relationships in his works, emphasizing through examples that the social
order is not fair, that women are unfairly condemned to a lower position in the gender
hierarchy, and that they are worth much more than men. As our analysis reveals, Llosa’s
female protagonists break out of traditional social patterns established by patriarchal system.
In his works, men are often portrayed as less intelligent than women, arrogant, and the most
important thing for them is sexual pleasure. In this way, women usually control them.
However, although they are portrayed as complex, intelligent, resourceful, and resilient
characters, they are emotional beings and have difficulty fighting their emotions, primarily
their love for a man. The woman in Llosa's works can be both good and bad, moral and
immoral, but she is never a one-sided character. She is both faithful and unfaithful, fragile
and brave, loyal to who she is; she is a woman who tries to be true to herself and this is an
important feature of Llosa's work. In her life, she meets men who change her destiny and
often drag her into tragedy. The fate of women is tragic in a world that, unfortunately, still
belongs to men.

THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IDEOLOGIES IN DIGITAL SPACES: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE SUPREMACY INONLINE TRANSLATION

Nevena Manić — 2024-04-11

This paper explores the impact of language ideologies on social hierarchy in
digital spaces, with a particular focus on the dominance of the English language in online
translation. Drawing on existing literature and case studies, the paper argues that language
ideologies play a significant role in shaping power relations and linguistic diversity in digital
spaces. The author introduces the concept of Machine Translation (MT) systems as a
potential solution for ethnic minorities to preserve their languages in the digital space. The
paper also highlights the importance of linguistic diversity in online research and the need
for researchers to adopt a more inclusive approach to language use. The findings of this paper
have important implications for policymakers, educators, and researchers who are interested
in promoting linguistic diversity and social justice in digital spaces.

ANALYSIS OF ASSIGNMENTS IN INTENSIVE BUSINESS ENGLISH VOCABULARY ACQUISITION

Bojana Vidović — 2024-04-11

English for specific purposes (ESP), designed to meet specific needs of the
learner, differs from General English (GE) not only in the existence of the need, but
an awareness of the need, the target situation (Hutchinson and Waters). This paper
argues that emphasizing the target situation can help learners activate their “intrinsic”
motivation (Brown) and perceive the two types of motivation, which Gardener and
Lambert called “instrumental” and “integrative,” as organically related. This “sense
of purpose” is especially important for Business English, where performance
objectives take priority over educational objectives (Ellis and Johnson). A particularly
challenging aspect of Business English is vocabulary, since a considerable percentage
of economics and finance terms have a different general meaning. A useful strategy
for overcoming this is Thornbury’s concept of building vocabulary networks of
association, a strategy applied in an exercise in testing intensive Business English
vocabulary acquisition with students of an in-house course. Preparing for a target
situation in context, and perceiving language as a means to an end, proved more
efficient than preparing for a written test and taking language as a goal in itself.

FROMBUSINESS TO PROBLEMS: THE ETYMOLOGY AND USE OF THE LEXEME NEGOTIUMIN PLAUTUS’ COMEDIES

Dragana Dimitrijević — 2024-04-11

Benveniste was not a typical structuralist of the late 1950s – early 1960s, because
he was not indifferent to matters of linguistic change. Since its publication in 1969, his book
Dictionary of Indo-European Concepts and Society (Le vocabulaire des institutions indoeuropéennes)
has inspired many famous philosophers and linguists, Umberto Eco, Roland
Barthes, Jacques Derrida, et al. In this book, Benveniste argues that the Latin lexeme
negotium is a calque of the Greek lexeme ἀσχολία and conveys the same senses as the Greek
model – “occupation” and “difficulty”. He also argues that at a later stage the Latin negotium
became the equivalent of the Greek word πρᾶγμα (“business”). Furthermore, he says that the
compound neg-otium (“the absence of leisure”) had been formed independently of the
sentence negotium est. In this paper, I offer a novel explanation of the origin of the lexeme
negotium, examining the use of negotium in Plautus' comedies. Namely, I show two things:
first, the verbal phrase nec-otium est (from otium est) most likely presupposes the word
negotium, not vice versa; second, the Latin lexeme negotium is not a calque of the Greek
lexeme ἀσχολία.

MONOGRAFIJA POVODOM JUBILEJA CENTRA ZA DEVOJKE U NIŠU

Svetlana Tomić — 2024-04-11

NACRT ZA RAZMIŠLJANJE O OTPORU I POBUNI

Svetlana Tomić — 2024-04-11

GOVOR NA OTVARANJU IZLOŽBE HERBARIJUM DR VERE MARKOVIĆ

Svetlana Tomić — 2024-04-11

NAKRAJ SELA VEČNA KUĆA

Miloš Mihailović — 2024-04-12

U KRUGU (FRAGMENATA)

Dragana Jovanović — 2024-04-12

KINA IZBLIZA: KROZ PROSTOR I VREME

Uroš Đurković — 2024-04-12